CSF-VDRL test Health Article

Definition

The CSF-VDRL test is used to diagnose neurosyphilis. This test looks for antibodies called reagins, which are sometimes produced by the body in reaction to the syphilis-causing bacteria.

See also: VDRL

Alternative Names

Venereal disease research laboratory slide test - CSF

How the test is performed

The test is performed on a CSF sample obtained by lumbar puncture (spinal tap).

How to prepare for the test

Before the procedure, you will be asked to review the risks and sign a consent form.

How the test will feel

Usually, discomfort associated with the lumbar puncture is mild to moderate. The entire procedure usually takes about 30 minutes but may take longer. The actual fluid collection only takes a few minutes.

Why the test is performed

The CSF-VDRL test is used to diagnose syphilis in the brain or spinal cord. Brain and spine cord involvement usually indicates late stage (tertiary) syphilis.

Blood screening tests, such as VDRL and RPR, are more effective during middle stage (secondary) syphilis.

Normal Values

A negative result is normal.

However, false-negatives can occur. This means you can have syphilis and have a normal CSF-VDRL test result. Therefore, a negative test does not always rule out the disease. Other markers of inflammation, such as elevated protein levels or excess white blood cells, may be used to diagnose neurosyphilis.

What abnormal results mean

A positive result is abnormal and indicates neurosyphilis.

What the risks are

• Risks of lumbar puncture include:
  • Hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction to the anesthetic
  • Discomfort during the test
  • Headache after the test
  • Bleeding into the spinal canal
  • Brain herniation (if performed on a person with increased intracranial pressure) which may result in brain damage or death
  • Damage to the spinal cord or nerve roots

References

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Syphilis Infection: Recommendation Statement. Ann Fam Med 2004; 2: 362-365.