Hemolytic-uremic syndrome Health Article

Definition

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) is a disorder that usually occurs when an infection in the digestive system produces toxic substances that destroy red blood cells. It often affects the kidneys.

Alternative Names

HUS

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) often occurs after a gastrointestinal infection with E. coli bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7). However, the condition has also been linked to other gastrointestinal infections, including shigella and salmonella , as well as non-gastrointestinal infections.

HUS is most common in children. It was once very rare, but it is increasing in children. It is the most common cause of acute kidney failure in children. Several large outbreaks in 1992 and 1993 were linked to undercooked hamburger meat contaminated with E. coli.

Other risk factors for HUS are unknown, although some cases are due to a familial form of the disease. HUS may occur with a variety of other diseases and infections, and after taking certain medications such as mitomycin C or ticlopidine.

HUS is more complicated in adults. It is similar to another disease called thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP).

Symptoms

HUS often begins with vomiting and diarrhea, which may be bloody. Within a week, the person may become weak and irritable. Persons with this condition may urinate far less than normal. Urine output may almost stop.

Red blood cell destruction leads to symptoms of anemia.

Early symptoms:

• Blood in the stools
• Irritability
• Fever
• Lethargy
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Weakness

• Bruising
• Decreased consciousness
• Low urine output
• No urine output
• Paleness
• Seizures -- rare
• Skin rash that looks like fine red spots (petechiae)
• Yellow skin (jaundice)