Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis Health Article

Definition

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a term used to describe a common type of arthritis in children. It is a long-term (chronic) disease resulting in joint pain and swelling.

Alternative Names

Juvenile chronic polyarthritis; JRA; Still's disease; Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

The cause of JRA is not known. It is thought to be an autoimmune illness. In this type of condition, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue.

JRA usually occurs before age 16.

It is divided into several categories:

• Systemic JRA involves joint swelling or pain, fevers, and rash. It is the least common category.
• Polyarticular JRA involves many joints. This form of JRA may turn into rheumatoid arthritis. It may involve large and small joints of the legs and arms, as well as the TMJ and cervical spine.
• Pauciarticular JRA involves only a few joints, usually the hips, knees, or ankles.

Many other medical problems can cause symptoms similar to those of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, including:

• Lyme disease, rheumatic fever, bone infections (osteomyelitis), and other infections
• Sarcoidosis, psoriatic arthritis, vasculitis
• Inflammatory bowel disease

Symptoms

Arthritis symptoms:

• Joint stiffness when you wake up in the morning
• Joint pain
• Limited range of motion
• Joints may be warm or swollen and sometimes red
• A child may stop using an affected limb or may limp
• Back pain

Body-wide JRA symptoms:

• Fever, usually high fevers every day
• Rash (trunk and extremities) that comes and goes with the fever
• Swollen lymph nodes (glands)

JRA can also cause eye inflammation called uveitis. This problem can occur without any eye symptoms, or someone may have:

• Red eyes
• Eye pain
• Increased pain when looking at light (photophobia)
• Vision changes