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Medullary carcinoma of thyroid Health Article
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Definition
Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is cancer of the thyroid gland that starts in cells that release a hormone called calcitonin. Such cells are called "C" cells.
Alternative Names
Thyroid - medullary carcinoma; Cancer - thyroid (medullary carcinoma); MTC
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
The cause is unknown. Unlike other types of thyroid cancer, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC) is believed to be related to radiation therapy (a type of cancer treatment). There are two forms of MTC:
You have an increased risk of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid if you have:
Other types of thyroid cancer include:
Symptoms
Signs and tests
The health care provider will perform a physical exam. Lymph nodes in the neck may be swollen. Thyroid function tests are usually normal. However, an examination of the thyroid may reveal single or multiple nodules (lumps). Other tests that may be used to diagnose medullary carcinoma of the thyroid include:
Treatment
Treatment involves surgery to remove the thyroid gland and surrounding lymph nodes. Because this is an uncommon tumor, surgery should be performed by a surgeon who is familiar with this type of cancer. Chemotherapy and radiation do not work very well for this type of cancer. Radiation is used in some patients after surgery. There are a number of new treatments currently being investigated in clinical trials.
Support Groups
For additional information, see cancer support groups.
Expectations (prognosis)
Approximately 86% of those with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid live at least 5 years after diagnosis. The 10-year survival rate is 65%. |
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