Skin - abnormally dark or light Health Article

Definition

Skin that has turned darker or lighter than normal is usually not a sign of a serious medical condition.

See also: Skin color, patchy

Alternative Names

Hyperpigmentation; Hypopigmentation

Considerations

Normal skin contains cells called melanocytes. These cells produce melanin, the substance that gives skin its color.

Skin with too much melanin is called hyperpigmented skin.

Skin with too little melanin is called hypopigmented skin.

Pale skin areas are due to too little melanin or underactive melanocytes. Darker areas of skin (or an area that tans more easily) occurs when you have more melanin or overactive melanocytes.

Bronzing of the skin may sometimes be mistaken for a suntan. This skin discoloration often develops slowly, starting at the elbows, knuckles, and knees and spreading from there. Bronzing may also be seen on the soles of the feet and the palms of the hands. The bronze color can range from light to dark (in fair-skinned people) with the degree of darkness due to the underlying cause.

Common Causes

• Prior skin inflammation (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation)
• Use of certain medicines
• Endocrine diseases such as Addison's disease
• Exposure to the sun
• Vitiligo

Home Care

Over-the-counter creams are available for lightening the skin. If you use these creams, follow instructions carefully and don't use one for more than 3 weeks at a time. Darker skin requires greater care when using these preparations. Cosmetics may also help cover a discoloration.

Avoid too much sun exposure. Always use sunscreen.

Abnormally dark skin may continue even after treatment. Experts recommend emotional support or counseling.

Call your health care provider if

Call your doctor for an appointment if you have:

• Skin discoloration that causes significant concern
• Persistent, unexplained darkening or lightening of the skin
• Any skin sore or lesion that changes shape, size, or color -- may be a sign of skin cancer