Tuberculous arthritis Health Article

Definition

Tuberculous arthritis is an infection of the joints due to tuberculosis.

See also: Spondylitis

Alternative Names

Granulomatous arthritis

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Approximately 2% of people who have tuberculosis will develop this form of arthritis. The joints most often involved are the:

• Ankles
• Hips
• Knees
• Spine
• Wrists

Most cases involve just one joint.

Tuberculosis involving the spine is often referred to as Pott's disease. The fictional Hunchback of Notre Dame had a humpback that is thought to have been caused by tuberculosis.

Symptoms

• Decreased movement in the joints
• Excessive sweating, especially at night
• Joint swelling with warm, tender joints
• Low-grade fever
• Muscle atrophy
• Muscle spasms
• Numbness, tingling, or weakness below the infection (if the spine is involved)
• Weight loss or loss of appetite

Note: The condition usually starts slowly and may involve only one joint.

Signs and tests

A physical examination shows swelling and irritation (inflammation) of the joint.

Tests:

• Aspiration of fluid in the joint
• Biopsy of the joint to detect the bacteria that causes tuberculosis
• Chest x-ray
• Joint x-rays
• Tuberculin skin test (also called PPD)

Treatment

You will take antibiotics to destroy the bacteria that are causing the tuberculosis infection. These medications are often given for several months (6 - 18 months).

Taking painkillers and applying heat or cold to the joints may relieve pain. Surgery may be needed, especially to drain spinal abscesses or to stabilize the spine. Surgery is rarely needed for infections at other sites.

Expectations (prognosis)

This form of arthritis can be very destructive to the tissues. Controlling the infection should prevent more joints from becoming involved. However, joint destruction may take place before the infection is controlled.

Complications

• Collapse of the vertebrae, resulting in kyphosis
• Joint destruction
• Spinal cord compression

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider if you have symptoms of this disorder, or of tuberculosis.