Urethritis - chronic Health Article

Definition

Chronic urethritis is long-term swelling and irritation (inflammation) of the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the body. This inflammation continues for weeks to months.

Alternative Names

Urethral syndrome

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Chronic urethritis is usually caused by a bacterial infection or structural problem that leads to narrowing of the urethra.

Causes include:

• E. coli bacteria
• Sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia and gonorrhea
• Personal hygiene products, especially feminine products

Chronic urethritis occurs in both women and men.

Symptoms

• Frequent and urgent urination
• Painful urination
• Urethral discharge (bloody or pus-like, and often foul-smelling)

Signs and tests

• Cystoscopy and urethroscopy
• Urinalysis
• Urine culture (clean catch)
• Urethral discharge culture
• Vaginal culture

Treatment

If there is an infection, you will be given antibiotics. A follow-up urinalysis or culture will be done after you finish all of the medicine to make sure the infection has cleared.

Women who have repeated episodes of intercourse-related urethritis or cystitis may need to take a dose of preventive antibiotics before or after intercourse.

Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) may be prescribed to decrease urinary discomfort.

You should stop using any possible chemical irritants.

Expectations (prognosis)

In most cases, the health care provider can find the cause of the urethritis and treat it.

Chronic urethritis can lead to narrowing (urethral strictures). Surgery or another medical procedure may be needed to correct the problem.

Complications

A long-term, untreated infection may cause the urethra to narrow even more, making it difficult to completely empty the bladder. Recurrent urinary tract infections may also occur.

Other complications may include:

• Damage to the urinary tract system, including impairment of kidney function
• Kidney infection (pyelonephritis)

Calling your health care provider

See your health care provider if you have symptoms of chronic urethritis.