Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy Health Article

Definition

Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy is bleeding coming through the vagina during pregnancy, for any reason.

Alternative Names

Pregnancy - vaginal bleeding; Maternal blood loss

Considerations

Up to 10% of women have vaginal bleeding at some time during their pregnancy, especially in the first 3 months (first trimester). Bleeding is even more common with twins.

To help prevent a miscarriage or other problems during pregnancy:

• Avoid smoking and using drugs of any kind, including alcohol.
• Eat a well-balanced diet.
• Get regular medical checkups.

Common Causes

During the first 3 months, vaginal bleeding may be a sign of a miscarriage. See the doctor right away. During months 4 - 9 bleeding may be a sign of:

• Abruptio placentae
• Miscarriage
• Placenta previa

Other possible causes of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy:

• Early labor (bloody show)
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Infection of the cervix
• Trauma to the cervix from intercourse (small amount of bleeding)

Other diseases and medications can cause bleeding during pregnancy. The causes may differ depending on your age.

Characteristics of the bleeding can indicate its causes. These include:

• Length of bleeding
• Quality (light or heavy bleeding, with or without pain)
• What makes the bleeding better
• What makes the bleeding worse

Home Care

Avoid sexual intercourse until you know the cause of the bleeding. Drink only fluids if the bleeding and cramping are severe.

If a miscarriage occurs, expect a small amount of vaginal bleeding for up to 10 days. Avoid using tampons for 2 to 4 weeks.

Medication is usually not necessary -- don't take any medication without talking to your doctor.

Call your health care provider if

Contact your health care provider if:

• There is a chance of miscarriage.
• You have any vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. Treat this as an emergency.
• You have vaginal bleeding caused by placenta previa (get to the hospital right away).