VLDL Health Article

Definition

VLDL stands for very low density lipoprotein. Lipoproteins are substances made of cholesterol, and triglyceride, and proteins. They move cholesterol, triglyceride, and other lipids to different parts of the body.

There are three major types of lipoproteins. VLDL contains the highest amount of triglyceride. VLDL is considered a type of bad cholesterol, because it helps cholesterol build up on the walls of arteries.

A blood test can be done to measure the amount of VLDL in your blood.

See also:

• High density lipoprotein
• Low density lipoprotein

Alternative Names

Very low density lipoprotein

How the test is performed

Blood is drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.

Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm.

Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.

In infants or young children, a sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture the skin and make it bleed. The blood collects into a small glass tube called a pipette, or onto a slide or test strip. A bandage may be placed over the area if there is any bleeding.

How the test will feel

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.

Why the test is performed

Your doctor may order this test to determine your risk of heart disease. Increased levels of VLDL are linked to atherosclerosis, which can lead to coronary heart disease.

This test may be included in a coronary risk profile.

Normal Values

Normal VLDL cholesterol level is between 5 and 40 mg/dL.

What abnormal results mean

High levels may be associated with a higher risk for heart disease and stroke.

What the risks are

Risks associated with this test may include:

• Excessive bleeding
• Fainting or feeling light-headed
• Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
• Multiple punctures to locate veins

Special considerations

There is no simple, direct way of measuring VLDL. Most labs estimate your VLDL based on your triglyceride level.

References

Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486-2497.