Definition
Interstitial cystitis is chronic (long-term) inflammation of the bladder wall.
Alternative Names
Cystitis - interstitial; IC
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a painful condition caused by inflammation of the tissues of the bladder wall. The cause is unknown. The condition is usually diagnosed by ruling out other conditions (such as sexually transmitted disease, bladder cancer, and bladder infections).
IC is frequently misdiagnosed as a urinary tract infection, and patients often go years without a correct diagnosis. On average, there is about a 4-year delay between the time the first symptoms occur and the diagnosis is made.
More than 700,000 Americans have IC. The condition generally occurs around age 30 to 40, although it has been reported in younger people. Women are 10 times more likely to have IC than men.
Symptoms
- Urinary frequency (up to 60 times a day in severe cases)
- Urinary urgency
- Urinary discomfort
- Pain during intercourse
- Pelvic pain
Signs and tests
Diagnosis is made by ruling out other causes. Urine analysis, urine culture, and urine cytology tests are essential.
Usually, cystoscopy (endoscopy of bladder) and bladder biopsy are performed. The characteristic finding of interstitial cystitis during cystoscopy is pinpoint bleeding in the lining of the bladder or ulcers on the bladder wall.
In IC, the bladder does not hold as much urine as a normal bladder typically does.
A procedure called video urodynamics can reveal how much urine needs to be in the bladder before the patient feels the need to urinate.
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