Spinal cord trauma is damage to the spinal cord. It may result from direct injury to the cord itself or indirectly from damage to surrounding bones, tissues, or blood vessels.
Spinal cord trauma can be caused by any number of injuries to the spine. They can result from motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports injuries (particularly diving into shallow water), industrial accidents, gunshot wounds, assault, and other causes.
A minor injury can cause spinal cord trauma if the spine is weakened (such as from rheumatoid arthritis or osteoporosis) or if the spinal canal protecting the spinal cord has become too narrow (spinal stenosis) due to the normal aging process.
Direct injury, such as cuts, can occur to the spinal cord, particularly if the bones or the disks have been damaged. Fragments of bone (for example, from broken vertebrae, which are the spine bones) or fragments of metal (such as from a traffic accident) can cut or damage the spinal cord.
Direct damage can also occur if the spinal cord is pulled, pressed sideways, or compressed. This may occur if the head, neck, or back are twisted abnormally during an accident or injury.
Bleeding, fluid accumulation, and swelling can occur inside the spinal cord or outside the spinal cord (but within the spinal canal). The accumulation of blood or fluid can compress the spinal cord and damage it.
Most spinal cord trauma happens to young, healthy individuals. Men ages 15-35 are most commonly affected. The death rate tends to be higher in young children with spinal injuries.
Risk factors include participating in risky physical activities, not wearing protective gear during work or play, or diving into shallow water.
Head injury (5 images)(Doctor-Reviewed information)
A head injury is any trauma that leads to injury of the scalp, skull, or brain. The injuries can range from a minor bump on the skull to serious brain injury.Head injury is classified as either closed or open(penetrating).A closed head injury mean...Reviewer: Jacob L. Heller, MD, Emergency Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, Clinic. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.Date: 01/07/2009
Facial paralysis (2 images)(Doctor-Reviewed information)
Facial paralysis is the total loss of voluntary muscle movement of one side of the face.About 75% of all adult facial paralysis cases are due to Bell''s palsy, a condition in which the facial nerve becomes inflamed.Stroke may cause facial paralysis...Reviewer: Linda Vorvick, MD, Family Physician, Seattle Site Coordinator, Lecturer, Pathophysiology, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.Date: 02/01/2009
Bell's palsy (2 images)(Doctor-Reviewed information)
Bell''s palsy is a temporary form of facial paralysis that occurs with damage to the nerve that controls movement of the muscles in the face.Bell''s palsy is a form of cranial mononeuropathy VII. It is the most common type of this nerve damage. Reviewer: Luc Jasmin, MD, PhD, Departments of Anatomy & Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.Date: 02/13/2008
Acoustic trauma (1 image)(Doctor-Reviewed information)
Acoustic trauma is injury to the hearing mechanisms in the inner ear due to very loud noise.Acoustic trauma is a common cause of sensory hearing loss. Damage to the hearing mechanisms within the inner ear may be caused by:.The health care provider...Reviewer: Alan Lipkin, MD, Otolaryngologist, Private Practice, Denver, Colorado. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.Date: 10/10/2008
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