Definition
Viral gastroenteritis is inflammation of the stomach and intestines caused by a virus. The infection can lead to diarrhea and vomiting. It is sometimes called the "stomach flu."
Alternative Names
Rotavirus infection; Norwalk virus; Gastroenteritis - viral; Stomach flu
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
Viral gastroenteritis is a leading cause of severe diarrhea in both adults and children. Many types of viruses can cause gastroenteritis. The most common ones are:
- Rotavirus, the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children. It can also infect adults exposed to children with the virus. Outbreaks may also occur in nursing homes.
- Norwalk virus, which is common among school-age children.
These viruses are often found in contaminated food or drinking water. Symptoms of viral gastroenteritis usually appear within 4 to 48 hours after exposure to the contaminated food or water.
Those with the highest risk for severe gastroenteritis include the young, the elderly, and people who have suppressed immune systems.
Symptoms
Additional symptoms may include:
Signs and tests
Tests that examine stool samples are used to identify the specific virus or rule out a bacterial cause.
Treatment
The goal of treatment is to prevent dehydration. Fluids and electrolytes (salt and minerals) lost by diarrhea must be replaced.